Simplified design treats tension members like physical chains. The equation is stripped down to: $$ \phi P_n = \phi \times F_y \times A_g $$ Where Ag is the gross area. A good PDF explains that while net area at bolt holes matters, for preliminary design, using gross area with a safety factor works 90% of the time.
Compression members are subject to axial forces that compress the element. Unlike tension members, columns are highly susceptible to instability through buckling. Buckling Modes
to account for uncertainties in loads and material strength. Allowable Stress Design (ASD) simplified design of steel structures pdf
Using uniform bolt sizes (like 3/4-inch or 7/8-inch A325 bolts) across a project drastically lowers fabrication costs.
Preferred by some engineers for foundation design and rapid checks because it uses actual, recognizable service loads. Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) Compression members are subject to axial forces that
Used to join edges of plates in the same plane, offering high strength but requiring more precise preparation. 7. Step-by-Step Simplified Design Workflow
Prevents catastrophic failure through connection bolt holes. Aecap A sub e Allowable Stress Design (ASD) Using uniform bolt sizes
This section simplifies the design of members subjected to axial tension (e.g., bottom chords of trusses).
Designed to transfer vertical gravity loads but allow slight rotation. Examples include single-plate tabs or double-angle connections welded or bolted to the web of a beam.
If you are looking to find specific engineering resources, please let me know if you need help finding , industry design guides (like AISC) , or worked design examples for a specific structural element. Share public link
Simplified Design of Steel Structures: A Practical Guide for Engineers and Students